Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to ABI categories.
| Characteristics | Overall | ABI categories | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0.90 | 0.91-1.00 | 1.01-1.10 | 1.11-1.20 | 1.21-1.30 | >1.30 | ||
| Total N | 5262 | 411 | 469 | 1329 | 1866 | 715 | 472 |
| Age, years | 75 (5) | 77 (5) | 76 (6) | 75 (5) | 75 (5) | 75 (5) | 75 (5) |
| Female, % | 57.4 | 54.0 | 68.9 | 71.0 | 59.0 | 41.5 | 28.4 |
| Black, % | 21.5 | 40.2 | 29.0 | 27.6 | 18.5 | 9.7 | 10.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 (18) | 133 (21) | 129 (18) | 130 (18) | 130 (17) | 130 (17) | 127 (17) |
| Antihypertensive medication, % | 74.4 | 89.8 | 78.5 | 77.7 | 70.4 | 70.2 | 70.3 |
| Diabetes, % | 36.2 | 49.4 | 39.5 | 36.1 | 33.9 | 31.9 | 37.3 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29 (5) | 29 (6) | 29 (6) | 29 (6) | 28 (5) | 28 (5) | 29 (5) |
| High school, no degree, % | 13.1 | 24.1 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 11.6 | 7.1 | 8.5 |
| High school graduate or some college, % | 41.9 | 40.9 | 43.3 | 44.8 | 41.9 | 41.5 | 34.5 |
| College and above, % | 44.9 | 35.0 | 40.5 | 39.6 | 46.6 | 51.3 | 57.0 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.2) | 4.7 (1.2) | 4.8 (1.1) | 4.7 (1.1) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.4 (1.0) |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) |
| Lipid lowering medication, % | 56.3 | 63.5 | 57.6 | 56.1 | 54.1 | 55.8 | 58.5 |
| Current smoker, % | 5.9 | 14.8 | 13.0 | 6.0 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 3.8 |
| Current drinker, % | 50.9 | 37.0 | 42.4 | 46.7 | 54.5 | 59.3 | 56.6 |
| History of coronary heart disease, % | 14.4 | 28.0 | 17.5 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 13.0 | 16.7 |
| History of stroke, % | 3.4 | 6.8 | 6.0 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.2 |
| History of heart failure, % | 15.4 | 32.9 | 19.8 | 15.7 | 12.3 | 10.6 | 14.6 |
| Leg pain, % | 7.9 | 20.2 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 5.7 |
| Exercise in leisure time | |||||||
| Never % | 27.7 | 36.6 | 36.3 | 30.9 | 26.2 | 18.7 | 21.4 |
| Seldom, % | 21.0 | 20.5 | 22.0 | 21.5 | 19.4 | 24.1 | 20.6 |
| Sometimes, % | 27.2 | 27.3 | 24.2 | 26.8 | 28.8 | 26.1 | 26.1 |
| Often, % | 17.2 | 11.5 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 23.4 |
| Very often, % | 6.9 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 11.1 | 8.5 |
ABI, ankle-brachial index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.