Table 5.

Associations of childhood ADHD subtypes with comorbid lifetime DSM-IV/CIDI disorders, in all countries combined (n = 26,744)

	Active versus remitted ADHD		Remitted childhood AD-only		Remitted childhood HD
	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)	OR	(95% CI)
I. Mood disorders
Major depressive disorder	1.2	(1.0–1.6)	2.0*	(1.6–2.5)	1.7*	(1.3–2.2)
Bipolar	2.0*	(1.3–2.9)	1.7*	(1.0–2.8)	2.3*	(1.5–3.6)
II. Anxiety disorders
Panic or agoraphobia	1.5	(1.0–2.1)	1.9*	(1.2–2.9)	1.6*	(1.1–2.6)
General anxiety disorder	1.6	(1.0–2.7)	1.4	(0.8–2.5)	1.9*	(1.1–3.4)
Specific phobia	1.9*	(1.1–3.3)	1.3	(0.7–2.2)	1.2	(0.7–2.2)
Social phobia	1.7*	(1.0–2.7)	1.6	(1.0–2.7)	1.3	(0.8–2.3)
III. Substance use disorders
Alcohol abuse with or without dependence	1.3	(0.9–1.7)	2.0*	(1.5–2.8)	2.2*	(1.6–2.9)
Drug abuse with or without dependence	1.4*	(1.1–2.0)	2.0*	(1.4–3.0)	2.7*	(1.8–4.0)
IV. Behavior disorders
Intermittent explosive disorder	2.7*	(1.7–4.4)	1.1	(0.7–1.8)	1.2	(0.7–2.1)
Oppositional defiant disorder	4.6*	(1.7–12.1)	0.8	(0.3–2.3)	1.1	(0.4–2.8)

All models are person-year models assessed with part II weight (except Iraq and Romania), controlling for time-invariant dummies for country, sex, dummy for threshold childhood ADHD, time-varying continuous age, age-squared, and dummy active (time-varying dummy for whether the int is less than or equal to the age of recency of ADHD)

^*Significant at the .05 level, two-sided test