Table 1.
Screening characteristics of ultrasonography in determining endotracheal tube placement based on cause of intubation
| Values | Loss of consciousness | Respiratory failure | Cardiac arrest | Other causes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | 98.2 (98.2-99.9) | 97.9 (87.5-99.9) | 84.6 (53.7-97.3) | 100 (75.9-100) |
| Specificity | 85.7 (42.0-99.2) | 100 (39.6-100) | 100 (19.9-100) | 75.0 (21.9-98.7) |
| Accuracy | 96.8 (92.5-100) | 98.0 (94.3-100) | 86.7 (69.5-100) | 95.0 (85.4-100) |
| PPV | 98.2 (98.2-99.9) | 100 (90.6-100) | 100 (67.8-100) | 94.1 (96.2-99.7) |
| NPV | 85.7 (42.0-99.2) | 80.0 (29.9-99.0) | 50.0 (9.2-90.8) | 100 (30.3-100) |
| PLR | 6.9 (1.1-42.2) | NA | NA | 4.0 (73.3-21.8) |
| NLR | 0.02 (0.002-0.2) | 0.02 (0.003-0.1) | 0.15 (0.04-0.6) | 0.0 (0.0-0.0) |
| AUC | 0.92 (0.82-0.97) | 0.99 (0.90-1.0) | 0.92 (0.68-1.0) | 0.88 (0.68-0.99) |
PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; PLR: Positive likelihood ratio; NLR: Negative likelihood ratio; AUC: Area under the ROC curve; NA: not applicable due to the calculation cannot be performed because the values include one or more instances of zero.