Table 2.
environmental risks factors for development of gastric ulcer in patients in northern Ghana
| Variable (n = 2035) | Frequency | Percentage | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol consumption >5 units/day | 30.6 | 0.001* | ||
| Yes | 1812 | 89.0 | ||
| No | 223 | 11.0 | ||
| Smoking: | 27.3 | 0.001* | ||
| Yes | 183 | 9.0 | ||
| No | 1852 | 91.0 | ||
| Long fasting (irregular eating habit): | 42.6 | 0.001* | ||
| Yes | 1126 | 55.3 | ||
| No | 909 | 44.7 | ||
| NSAID: | 24.9 | 0.001* | ||
| Yes | 691 | 34.0 | ||
| No | 1344 | 66.0 | ||
| CLO test result: | 39.3 | 0.01 | ||
| Positive | 1286 | 63.2 | ||
| Negative | 749 | 36.8 | ||
| Traditional herbal preparation: | 1.8 | 0.251 | ||
| Yes | 822 | 40.4 | ||
| No | 1213 | 59.6 |
NSAID - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory intake; CLO - Campylobacter-like organism
*
P < 0.05 statistically significant