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. 2017 Feb 22;284(1849):20162867. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2867

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Set-up for measuring ground reaction forces. An array of 24 three-dimensional force transducers was arranged in four columns and six rows (with one blank column in the centre) to make up half of an octagon (inscribing circle with r = 36 mm). The normal force component (Fz) along the z-axis is pointing from the centre of each sensor to the centre of the column with the tangential force (Fx) perpendicular to it (x-axis). The y-axis was defined along the direction of gravity. Inset: owing to the arrangement of the sensors at 45° to each other, an oblique pull by the frog on the sensor can have a normal force component; therefore, only if Fz > Fx, can a ‘true’ clamping force be distinguished.