Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Friction and adhesion of pads and tubercles. Friction force, contact area and shear stress (a–c) were measured by a short drag of the toe along its longitudinal axis in either the proximal or distal directions (pull and push); adhesion force, contact area and adhesive stress (d–f) were measured during a perpendicular detachment before the drag (‘initial detachment’) and directly after a pull or push (‘detachment after pull’ and ‘detachment after push’, respectively).
