Table 1.
GPCRs Exhibiting Sustained Signaling
| Receptor | Family | Ligand | G Protein | PDZ Motif | PDZ Adapter | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTHR | B | parathyroid hormone | Gs, Gq, Gi | -ETVM | NHERF1/2 | [13, 42, 43, 53] |
| S1PR1 | A | sphingosine 1-phosphate | Gs, Gi/Go | -NSSS | RhoGEF (LARG) | [98] |
| β2AR | A | isoproterenol | Gs | -DSLL | NHERF1/2 | [7] |
| TRHR | A | thyrotropin releasing hormone | Gs, Gq/G11 | -QTVL | nNOS | [14] |
| GLP1R | B | glucagon like-peptide | Gs | -ASCS | PDZD2 | [15] |
| PACAPR1 | B | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide | Gs | -NLAT | PICK1 | [16] |
| V2R | A | vasopressin | Gs | -DTSS | unknown | [17] |
| CRHR1 | B | corticotropin-releasing hormone | Gs | -STAV | NHERF3 (PDZK1), MAGI2 | [18] |
| D1R D2R D3R |
A | dopamine | Gs | -QHPT | NHERF1 Spinophilin PICK1 |
[19] |
Abbreviations: PTHR, parathyroid hormone receptor; NHERF1/2/3, Na-H exchange regulator 1, 2 or 3; S1P1R, sphingosine 1 receptor; RhoGEF, Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor; LARG, Leukemia-associated RhoGEF; β2AR, beta-2 adrenergic receptor; TRHR, thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor; nNOS, neuronal nitric oxide synthase; GLP1R, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; PDZD2, PDZ-domain containing protein-2; PACAPR1, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor; PICK1, protein interacting with C kinase-1; V2R, vasopressin V2 receptor; CRHR1, corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1; PDZK1, PDZ domain-containing protein-1; MAGI2, membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2; D1R, D2R, D3R, dopamine receptor-1, -2, or -3.