Table 4.

Adjusted^a multivariable regression results for associations between home food rules by parent or youth acknowledgment and anthropometric outcomes

Home Food Rule	Youth BMI Z-score		Youth Waist Circumference Z-score		Youth Percent Body Fat
	β (SE)	P-value	β (SE)	P-value	β (SE)	P-value
Summative score of 12 food rules
Youth score	0.02 (0.02)	0.24	0.02 (0.02)	0.16	0.27 (0.17)	0.12
Parent score	0.03 (0.02)	0.17	0.03 (0.02)	0.10	0.30 (0.18)	0.09
“No second helpings at meals”
Youth reports yes	0.38 (0.12)	0.002	0.24 (0.10)	0.01	4.21 (1.12)	< 0.001
Parent reports yes	0.74 (0.13)	< 0.001	0.49 (0.11)	< 0.001	5.84 (1.23)	< 0.001
“Limited portion sizes at meals”
Youth reports yes	0.19 (0.12)	0.10	0.14 (0.09)	0.12	2.35 (1.06)	0.03
Parent reports yes	0.62 (0.11)	< 0.001	0.47 (0.09)	< 0.001	5.95 (1.03)	< 0.001
“No dessert until plate is cleaned”
Youth reports yes	0.04 (0.12)	0.73	0.08 (0.09)	0.42	0.51 (1.08)	0.64
Parent reports yes	−0.08 (0.11)	0.50	−0.04 (0.09)	0.68	−1.02 (1.03)	0.32
“No desserts except fruit”
Youth reports yes	−0.09 (0.13)	0.52	−0.11 (0.10)	0.31	−0.08 (1.20)	0.95
Parent reports yes	0.16 (0.14)	0.27	0.13 (0.11)	0.26	1.63 (1.30)	0.21
“No meals while watching TV/DVDs”
Youth reports yes	−0.18 (0.11)	0.10	−0.12 (0.09)	0.18	−1.39 (1.01)	0.17
Parent reports yes	−0.13 (0.11)	0.26	−0.07 (0.09)	0.44	−0.47 (1.02)	0.65
“No snacking while watching TV/DVDs”
Youth reports yes	−0.07 (0.12)	0.54	0.04 (0.09)	0.64	−0.22 (1.08)	0.84
Parent reports yes	0.03 (0.12)	0.81	0.04 (0.09)	0.68	0.12 (1.10)	0.92
“No sweet snacks”
Youth reports yes	0.13 (0.12)	0.26	0.15 (0.09)	0.10	1.20 (1.07)	0.27
Parent reports yes	0.02 (0.12)	0.89	0.04 (0.10)	0.70	0.44 (1.10)	0.69
“No fried snacks”
Youth reports yes	0.20 (0.12)	0.09	0.17 (0.09)	0.08	2.46 (1.09)	0.03
Parent reports yes	−0.04 (0.12)	0.76	−0.02 (0.10)	0.85	−0.39 (1.14)	0.73
“Must help with meal preparation at home”
Youth reports yes	0.07 (0.12)	0.52	0.06 (0.09)	0.54	−0.16 (1.07)	0.88
Parent reports yes	−0.14 (0.12)	0.21	−0.03 (0.09)	0.71	−0.76 (1.07)	0.48
“Must help with cleanup after meals at home”
Youth reports yes	0.04 (0.14)	0.80	−0.04 (0.11)	0.74	0.33 (1.31)	0.80
Parent reports yes	−0.23 (0.15)	0.13	−0.19 (0.12)	0.11	−1.03 (1.41)	0.46
“Must eat dinner with family at home”
Youth reports yes	−0.13 (0.14)	0.34	−0.04 (0.11)	0.70	−0.86 (1.26)	0.50
Parent reports yes	0.04 (0.16)	0.80	0.09 (0.13)	0.48	1.01 (1.51)	0.50
“Limited fast food”
Youth reports yes	0.32 (0.13)	0.02	0.24 (0.10)	0.02	2.59 (1.21)	0.03
Parent reports yes	0.41 (0.15)	0.006	0.30 (0.12)	0.01	3.37 (1.37)	0.01

^aAdjusted for youth age, youth sex, youth race/ethnicity, youth Medical Assistance, parent age (centered and centered-squared terms), parent sex, and parent BMI