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. 2017 Feb 27;8:71. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00071

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Copyright © 2017 Testai, Da Pozzo, Piano, Pistelli, Gargini, Breschi, Braca, Martini, Martelli and Calderone.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Concentration-dependent changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, induced by the cumulative administration of increasing concentrations of NAR to isolated cardiac 1 year old mitochondria. Two-way ANOVA indicated statistically significant differences between the curve obtained in control condition and those obtained in the presence of PAX (10 μM). (B) Increase of the fluorescence (expressed as a % of that induced by the potassium-ionophore valinomycin) produced by a Tl⁺-sensitive probe accumulated into the mitochondrial matrix, after the addition of Tl⁺ ions to a suspension of isolated cardiac 1 year old mitochondria in the presence of NAR (100 μM). The asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (^∗P < 0.05). (C) The reduction of the extra-mitochondrial calcium concentration (in μM), following the administration of isolated cardiac mitochondria from 1 year old rats in the presence of NAR 100 μM, DIAZO 100 μM, or their vehicle. The asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (^∗P < 0.05).