Table 2.

One-way analysis of variance results for each variable during each phase.

	p Value	Phase 3–Phase 1			p Value	Phase 4–Phase 3			p Value
		TR	SR	C		R	SR	C
PC (%)	0.836	5.3 ± 5.1	6.9 ± 11.9	4.5 ± 3.3	0.880	−3.2 ± 4.7	9.3 ± 3.8	−3.2 ± 10.1	0.019
CT (s)	0.822	−0.1094 ± 0.1598	−0.1199 ± 0.1385	0.0411 ± 0.2583	0.367	0.0996 ± 0.1070	0.0544 ± 0.2211	0.0028 ± 0.1236	0.639
RT (s)	0.178	−0.008 ± 0.0487	−0.058 ± 0.0773	−0.021 ± 0.039	0.391	0.0191 ± 0.0394	−0.0327 ± 0.0309	0.0262 ± 0.0489	0.079
PV (°/s)	0.421	−23.14 ± 29.10	3.57 ± 23.15	−13.87 ± 22.88	0.274	10.50 ± 14.06	−6.27 ± 16.73	24.30 ± 19.71	0.045
tPV (s)	0.461	−0.0125 ± 0.0668	−0.0372 ± 0.0221	−0.0077 ± 0.0679	0.684	0.0471 ± 0.0714	−0.0609 ± 0.1051	0.0140 ± 0.0421	0.684
tPE (s)	0.782	−0.0612 ± 0.0968	−0.1162 ± 0.1025	0.0520 ± 0.0667	0.034	−0.4294 ± 0.1425	−0.3801 ± 0.1419	−0.3891 ± 0.1070	0.822
OE (°)	0.357	−1.1 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 3.6	−0.4 ± 1.6	0.154	−1.6 ± 0.8	−2.2 ± 1.9	−2.0 ± 1.0	0.752

Column 2 p values show that no significant differences between groups were found for any variables during Phase 1 (group averages are provided in Table 1). Changes from Phase 1 to Phase 3 and from Phase 3 to Phase 4 are presented in columns 3–5 and 7–9 for each group: task repetition training (TR), synergy repetition training (SR), and control (C).

PC, percent correct; CT, completion time; RT, reaction time; PV, peak velocity; tPV, time of peak velocity; tPE, time of peak extension; OE, overextension.

Significant group differences are indicated in bold (p < 0.05).