Table 2.

Characteristics of patients with normal and low muscle mass groups according to each normalization method

Variables	Muscle/height2 (kg/m2)			Muscle/body weight (%)			Muscle/BSA (kg/m2)			Muscle/BMI (m2)
	Normal (n = 593)	Low (n = 52)	P	Normal (n = 482)	Low (n = 163)	P	Normal (n = 436)	Low (n = 209)	P	Normal (n = 484)	Low (n = 161)	P
Muscle metric (units vary)	9.6 ± 1.8	7.2 ± 0.7	<0.001	34.4 ± 4.0	29.4 ± 2.3	<0.001	14.8 ± 1.6	12.5 ± 1.3	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	28.8 ± 6.9	21.1 ± 2.4	<0.001	26.8 ± 6.3	32.1 ± 7.2	<0.001	30.0 ± 7.3	24.3 ± 3.8	<0.001	27.3 ± 6.6	30.6 ± 7.3	<0.001
Percent fat (%)	30.4 ± 4.2	24.0 ± 8.9	<0.001	27.4 ± 9.9	37.1 ± 7.1	<0.001	30.0 ± 10.9	29.5 ± 8.7	0.53	28.2 ± 10.3	34.8 ± 8.4	<0.001
Handgrip strength (kg)	26.5 ± 10.6	25.2 ± 10.3	0.40	27.1 ± 10.7	24.3 ± 10.1	0.004	27.8 ± 11.2	23.3 ± 8.5	<0.001	28.1 ± 10.7	21.3 ± 8.3	<0.001
Proportion with low HGS (%)	28.2	49.0	0.002	24.8	44.8	<0.001	20.6	49.3	<0.001	21.2	55.9	<0.001
Gait speed (m/s)	0.9 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3	0.002	1.0 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.3	0.9 ± 0.3	0.001	1.0 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3	<0.001
Proportion with slow walking speed (%)	33.6	45.1	0.10	27.7	54.6	<0.001	30.3	43.3	0.001	29.0	50.9	<0.001

HGS, handgrip strength

Data are presented as mean ± SD.