Table 3.
Measure of low muscle mass | Difference [95% CI] in handgrip strength (kg) or gait speed (m/s) | OR [95% CI] for having low handgrip strength or slow gait speed† | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted P | Adjusted# | P | Unadjusted | P | Adjusted# | P | ||
Handgrip strength | ||||||||
Muscle/height2 | −1.29 [−4.33, 1.75] | 0.40 | −2.72 [−5.08, −0.36] | 0.02 | 2.45 [1.37, 4.36] | 0.002 | 1.28 [0.63, 2.59] | 0.49 |
Muscle/body weight (×100) | −2.78 [−4.66, −0.91] | 0.004 | 0.45 [−1.17, 2.07] | 0.59 | 2.46 [1.70, 3.57] | <0.001 | 0.93 [0.57, 1.51] | 0.76 |
Muscle/BSA | −4.52 [−6.24, −2.80]* | <0.001 | −3.24 [−4.83, −1.65] | <0.001 | 3.73 [2.61, 5.34] | <0.001 | 1.86 [1.15, 2.99] | 0.01 |
Muscle/BMI | −6.84 [−8.66, −5.02]* | <0.001 | −2.59 [−4.26, −0.93] | 0.002 | 4.72 [3.23, 6.91] | <0.001 | 1.82 [1.13, 2.94] | 0.01 |
Gait speed | ||||||||
Muscle/height2 | −0.13 [−0.21, −0.05] | 0.003 | −0.08 [−0.16, 0.00] | 0.05 | 1.63 [0.91, 2.89] | 0.09 | 1.35 [0.69, 2.64] | 0.37 |
Muscle/body weight (×100) | −0.17 [−0.22, −0.12] | <0.001 | −0.09 [−0.15, −0.04] | 0.001 | 3.15 [2.18, 4.54] | <0.001 | 2.21 [1.38, 3.53] | 0.001 |
Muscle/BSA | −0.08 [−0.13, −0.03] | 0.001 | 0.03 [−0.02, 0.08] | 0.28 | 1.76 [1.25, 2.47] | 0.001 | 0.97 [0.60, 1.54] | 0.89 |
Muscle/BMI | −0.13 [−0.19, −0.08] | <0.001 | −0.07 [−0.13, −0.02] | 0.01 | 2.54 [1.76, 3.67] | <0.001 | 1.64 [1.003, 2.67] | 0.048 |
CIs, confident intervals; OR, odds ratio
Reference group is low muscle mass group by each metric.
Significant difference between men and women (P < 0.05). Difference in handgrip strength was −7.93 [−9.93, −5.93] in men and −3.16 [−4.75, −1.58] kg in women for muscle/BSA. For muscle/BMI, difference in handgrip strength was −8.88 [−11.10, −6.65] and −3.94 [−5.51, −2.37] kg in men and women, respectively.
Adjusted for age, race, sex, and diabetes.
Low grip strength defined as <16 kg for women and <26 kg for men; low gait speed defined as ≤0.8 m/s.