Table 4.
Association between low muscle mass by each criterion with muscle strength and physical performance among non‐black and black patients
| Measure of low muscle mass | Difference [95% CI] in handgrip strength (kg) or gait speed (m/s) among patients with low vs. normal muscle | OR [95% CI] for having low handgrip strength or slow gait speed† | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted# | Unadjusted | Adjusted# | |||||||||
| Non‐black | black | P | Non‐black | black | P | Non‐black | black | P | Non‐black | black | P | |
| Handgrip strength | ||||||||||||
| Muscle/height2 | −2.70 [−6.74, 1.33] | 0.20 [−3.96, 4.36] | 0.34 | −1.16 [−4.44, 2.13] | −4.12 [−7.43, −0.83] | 0.33 | 3.07 [1.16, 8.14] | 2.21 [0.96, 5.07] | 0.61 | 1.15 [0.39, 3.35] | 1.39 [0.54, 3.56] | 0.92 |
| Muscle/body weight | −3.57 [−5.99, −1.15] | −0.88 [−3.55, 1.78] | 0.16 | −0.74 [−3.08, 1.61] | 1.06 [−1.15, 3.28] | 0.25 | 3.13 [1.79, 5.48] | 1.48 [0.82, 2.68] | 0.07 | 1.14 [0.56, 2.32] | 0.76 [0.38, 1.51] | 0.28 |
| Muscle/BSA | −2.96 [−5.28, −0.63] | −4.65 [−7.04, −2.27] | 0.33 | −1.89 [−4.28, 0.51] | −4.26 [−6.38, −2.14] | 0.27 | 3.56 [2.08, 6.10] | 3.54 [2.07, 6.03] | 0.98 | 1.51 [0.73, 3.12] | 2.31 [1.21, 4.41] | 0.68 |
| Muscle/BMI | −4.91 [−7.17, −2.64] | −6.58 [−9.51, −3.65] | 0.38 | −2.19 [−4.39, 0.02] | −3.01 [−5.47, −0.54] | 0.58 | 3.53 [2.07, 6.03] | 3.60 [1.98, 6.58] | 0.96 | 1.53 [0.79, 2.97] | 2.16 [1.08, 4.31] | 0.74 |
| Gait speed | ||||||||||||
| Muscle/height2 | −0.31 [−0.43, −0.18] | −0.01 [−0.12, 0.10] | <0.001 | −0.18 [−0.30, −0.07] | −0.01 [−0.11, 0.09] | 0.01 | 4.18 [1.70, 10.30] | 0.84 [0.38, 1.87] | 0.01 | 1.91 [0.66, 5.52] | 1.01 [0.41, 2.47] | 0.11 |
| Muscle/body weight | −0.27 [−0.34, −0.20] | −0.12 [−0.19, −0.05] | 0.01 | −0.15 [−0.23, −0.07] | −0.07 [−0.13, 0.002] | 0.03 | 5.81 [3.19, 10.57] | 2.46 [1.51, 4.03] | 0.03 | 2.86 [1.31, 6.26] | 1.79 [0.98, 3.25] | 0.07 |
| Muscle/BSA | −0.16 [−0.23, −0.08] | −0.06 [−0.12, 0.01] | 0.04 | 0.001 [−0.09, 0.09] | 0.04 [−0.03, 0.10] | 0.12 | 2.44 [1.39, 4.28] | 1.61 [1.03, 2.51] | 0.26 | 0.88 [0.38, 2.01] | 1.00 [0.56, 1.78] | 0.27 |
| Muscle/BMI | −0.23 [−0.30, −0.17] | −0.14 [−0.21, −0.06] | 0.07 | −0.10 [−0.17, −0.02] | −0.04 [−0.12, 0.03] | 0.13 | 4.58 [2.55, 8.25] | 2.54 [1.46, 4.43] | 0.15 | 1.79 [0.85, 3.76] | 1.32 [0.68, 2.55] | 0.14 |
P for the difference between non‐black and black group for low muscle mass by each criterion.
#
Adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes.
†
Low grip strength defined as <16 kg for women and <26 kg for men; low gait speed defined as ≤0.8 m/s.