Table 4.
Individual muscle contributions to acceleration of the body's centre of mass in the vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral directions
| Accelerations m/s | ADT group (n = 29) | Controls (n = 24) | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vertical (upwards) acceleration | ||||
| Peak gluteus medius during early stance | ||||
| 0 months | 2.49 ± 0.41 | 2.61 ± 0.41 | ||
| 6 months | 2.61 ± 0.42 | 2.66 ± 0.47 | ||
| 12 months | 2.61 ± 0.41** | 2.73 ± 0.44** | −0.001 (−0.14, 0.14) | 0.987 |
| Peak gluteus maximus during early stance | ||||
| 0 months | 2.74 ± 0.92 | 2.92 ± 0.69 | ||
| 6 months | 3.07 ± 0.85 | 3.27 ± 0.85 | ||
| 12 months | 3.23 ± 0.76*** | 3.32 ± 0.91*** | 0.10 (−0.29, 0.49) | 0.624 |
| Peak hamstrings during early stance | ||||
| 0 months | 0.84 ± 0.45 | 0.89 ± 0.44 | ||
| 6 months | 0.81 ± 0.36 | 0.88 ± 0.46 | ||
| 12 months | 0.96 ± 0.48 | 0.89 ± 0.48 | 0.12 (−0.05, 0.29) | 0.160 |
| Peak quadriceps during early stance | ||||
| 0 months | 4.45 ± 1.41 | 4.07 ± 1.10 | ||
| 6 months | 3.96 ± 1.59 | 3.58 ± 1.10 | ||
| 12 months | 3.58 ± 1.26*** | 3.73 ± 1.04*** | −0.53 (−1.09, 0.03) | 0.063 |
| Peak gastrocnemius during late stance | ||||
| 0 months | 1.91 ± 0.66 | 1.84 ± 0.55 | ||
| 6 months | 1.92 ± 0.78 | 2.10 ± 0.54 | ||
| 12 months | 2.13 ± 0.83*** | 2.10 ± 0.59*** | −0.04 (−0.29, 0.21) | 0.737 |
| Peak soleus during late stance | ||||
| 0 months | 6.75 ± 0.52 | 6.83 ± 0.62 | ||
| 6 months | 6.54 ± 0.62 | 6.82 ± 0.59 | ||
| 12 months | 6.73 ± 0.50 | 6.89 ± 0.56 | −0.08 (−0.35, 0.19) | 0.558 |
| Anteroposterior acceleration (anterior/forwards = propulsion, posterior/backwards = braking) | ||||
| Peak gluteus medius contribution to braking | ||||
| 0 months | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.38 ± 0.14 | ||
| 6 months | 0.38 ± 0.12 | 0.39 ± 0.16 | ||
| 12 months | 0.39 ± 0.16** | 0.44 ± 0.19** | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) | 0.663 |
| Peak gluteus maximus contribution to braking | ||||
| 0 months | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 0.67 ± 0.20 | ||
| 6 months | 0.66 ± 0.17 | 0.76 ± 0.21 | ||
| 12 months | 0.72 ± 0.19*** | 0.76 ± 0.18*** | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.328 |
| Peak quadriceps contribution to braking | ||||
| 0 months | 1.86 ± 0.50 | 1.78 ± 0.38 | ||
| 6 months | 1.70 ± 0.57 | 1.57 ± 0.39 | ||
| 12 months | 1.58 ± 0.44*** | 1.63 ± 0.37*** | −0.14 (−0.34, 0.05) | 0.140 |
| Peak iliopsoas contribution to propulsion | ||||
| 0 months | 0.44 ± 0.21 | 0.50 ± 0.17 | ||
| 6 months | 0.49 ± 0.16 | 0.55 ± 0.21 | ||
| 12 months | 0.55 ± 0.25** | 0.54 ± 0.16** | 0.07 (−0.04, 0.18) | 0.221 |
| Peak gastrocnemius contribution to propulsion | ||||
| 0 months | 0.54 ± 0.15 | 0.58 ± 0.15 | ||
| 6 months | 0.52 ± 0.15 | 0.55 ± 0.14 | ||
| 12 months | 0.55 ± 0.13 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.08) | 0.628 |
| Peak Soleus contribution to propulsion | ||||
| 0 months | 1.00 ± 0.24 | 0.82 ± 0.17 | ||
| 6 months | 0.86 ± 0.30 | 0.73 ± 0.14 | ||
| 12 months | 0.78 ± 0.26*** | 0.78 ± 0.19*** | −0.17 (−0.29, −0.05) | 0.005 |
| Mediolateral (sideways) accelerationa | ||||
| Peak gluteus medius | ||||
| 0 months | −1.09 ± 0.14 | −1.11 ± 0.14 | ||
| 6 months | −1.11 ± 0.14 | −1.12 ± 0.14 | ||
| 12 months | −1.11 ± 0.14 | −1.10 ± 0.15 | −0.03 (−0.09, 0.03) | 0.28 |
ADT, androgen deprivation treatment; CI, confidence interval.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean difference refers to the between group difference, which is the difference in the change in the mean of the ADT group over change in the mean of the control group over 12 months and is presented with [95% confidence interval (CI)] and P value (determined from the interaction effect of the mixed model). There were no statistically significant interactions between 0 and 6 months.
P < 0.05.
P < 0.01.
P < 0.001 refers to a significant within group difference in the mean 12 month value and the mean 0 month value within the group (determined from the time effect of the mixed model and paired t‐test).
Negative values refer to medial accelerations and positive values refer to lateral accelerations.