Table 2.
Concentration of Free and Protein-Bound 3-Nitrotyrosine in Human Biological Samples Measured by Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods
| Matrix | Source of 3NT | Concentration | LLOD/LLOQ | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasma | Free | 4.4 nM | 1 fmol/4.4 nM | (121) |
| Plasma | Free | ND | 3.2 fmol/1.6 nM | (39) |
| Urine | Free | <1.6 nmol/mmol creatinine | 25 nM/NR | (71) |
| EBC | Free | 40–1000 pM | LLOQ 40 pM | (42) |
| Urine | Free | 0.3–3 nM | 30 pM/NR | (81) |
| Plasma | Free | NR | 30 pM/NR | (81) |
| Plasma | Free | 1.5 nM | 34 pM/625 pM | (47) |
| Urine | Free | 0.17 ± 0.16 nM | 8.8 pM/44 pM | (59, 60) |
| Plasma | Free | 14 ± 0.7 ng/ml | (38) | |
| Urine | Protein-bound | 60–800 pg/ml | 30 pM/NR | (81) |
| Plasma | Protein-bound | 200–1000 pg/ml | 30 pM/NR | (81) |
| Plasma | Protein-bound | 9.1 μmol nitro-tyrosine/mol tyrosine in patients with CAD | 100 fmol/NR | (69, 101) |
| Lung Tissue | Protein-bound | 79 ± 8 μmol nitro-tyrosine/mol tyrosine in proteins recovered from lung tissue after aeroallergen challenge | 100 fmol/NR | (18, 69) |
Adapted and updated from Tsikas and Duncan (114).
CAD, coronary artery disease; ND, not detectable; NR, not reported.