Table 1. Expression patterns of GAG metabolism- and lysosome-associated genes in 25 μM nimesulide, 100 μM genistein and mixture of them, for 24 h treated HDFa fibroblasts analyzed with microarray and real-time qRT-PCR custom panel.

Enzyme name	Enzyme function	Gene name	Microarray		Real-time qRT-PCR
			FC ± SD
			Nimesulide	Genistein*	Genistein	Nimesulide + Genistein
Acid phosphatase 5	conversion of orthophosphoric monoester to alcohol and orthophosphate	ACP5	1.0 ± 0.3	1.6 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.4
Aspartylglucosaminidase	catabolism of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins	AGA	1.2 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.5	1.2 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.1
Arylsulfatase G	hydrolyze sulfate esters from sulfated steroids, carbohydrates, proteoglycans, and glycolipids	ARSG	n.d.	1.2 ± 0.4	1.9 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.2
Acid ceramidase 1	degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acid	ASAH1	1.3 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.2	1.6 ± 0.2
Chondroitin Sulfate Synthase 3	GAG synthesis, chain polymerization	CHSY3	n.d.	0.9 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.1	1.7 ± 0.2
Cathepsin K	bone remodeling and resorption	CTSK	n.d.	1.2 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.1
Exostosin Glycosyltransferase 1	GAG synthesis, chain polymerization	EXT1	n.d.	0.6 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.0	0.5 ± 0.0
Alpha glucosidase	degradation of glycogen to glucose	GAA	n.d.	1.6 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.4
Hexosaminidase A	degradation of the ganglioside GM2	HEXA	n.d.	1.4 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.1	1.3 ± 0.3
Heparan Sulfate Sulfotransferase 3A1	GAG synthesis, chain modyfication	HS3ST3A1	n.d.	0.5 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase 3	degradation of hyaluronan	HYAL3	n.d.	1.7 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.0	0.6 ± 0.1
Beta mannosidase	N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharide catabolism	MANBA	1.0 ± 0.3	2.4 ± 0.8	1.7 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.3
Sialyltransferase 4B	GAG synthesis, chain polymerization	ST3GAL2	1.1 ± 0.2	0.6 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1
Xylosyltransferase I	GAG synthesis, chain initiation	XYLT1	1.1 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.1	0.4 ± 0.1

Values represent fold change (0.7 ≥ FC ≥ 1.3 for at least one of the conditions tested, n ≥ 3, with the p-value < 0.05), and denote differences for samples treated with tested compound or their mixture, against untreated samples, with respect to reference mRNA expression at a constant level.

n.d. stands for no data available, as no transcriptomic data regarding modulation of the expression of these genes were available due to the problem with low level analysis being related to elimination of the results for these transcripts after background adjustment.

^*Stands for result based on raw data from Moskot et al.¹¹.