miR-17-3p Controls Proliferation of Cardiomyocytes in Vitro by Targeting TIMP3. (A) RNAhybrid and Luciferase assays identified TIMP3 as a direct target of miR-17-3p. n=6 per group. (B and C) Western blot showed that miR-17-3p negatively regulated TIMP3 in cardiomyocytes. n=3 per group. (D) Immunohistochemical staining for α-actinin and EdU followed by quantification of cardiomyocyte area showed that TIMP3 knockdown induced an increase in EdU incorporation without affecting cell size, while co-transfection of TIMP3 siRNA and miR-17-3p mimic did not exert an additive effect. At least 2000 cells were quantified in each group. Data are shown as mean±SEM and reflect at least three independent experiments. Scale bar: 100 μm. *, P<0.05, **, P<0.01, ***, P<0.001 versus respective control.