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. 2017 Feb 9;13(2):912. doi: 10.15252/msb.20167386

Figure 4. Model predictions revealed in xenograft tumors and human colorectal cancer.

Figure 4

The model predicted that lowering Wnt signaling results in an increase in the expression of factors that increase the range of diffusion of Wnt and Wnt inhibitors.
  • A
    Known regulators of Wnt ligand diffusion.
  • B, C
    Quantitative PCR of diffusion regulators in SW480 mock, dnLEF‐1, and dnTCF‐1 (B) transduced cells, and (C) xenograft tumors show human SPOCK2, GPC4, and SFRP5 mRNA are notably upregulated in xenograft tumors but not 2D in vitro culture. In vitro data represent an average of three sample sets (± SEM), and xenograft tumor data represent the average of five independent tumor sets (± SEM); * denotes P < 0.05. Statistical significance was determined using Student's two‐tailed t‐test.
  • D, E
    Gene expression data, from GEO dataset GDS3756, of 21 rectal cancer patient tissue with or without radio‐chemotherapy (Snipstad et al, 2010). Significant changes in expression levels of GPC1 (P = 0.00019), SFRP1 (P = 0.016), SFRP2 (P = 0.0006), and SFRP4 (P = 0.0006) are observed in post‐therapy tumor cells compared to before treatment. SD shown. Statistical significance was determined using the Mann–Whitney U‐test with Benjamini–Hochberg correction for multiple hypotheses (RStudio).