Table 5. Results from CFA on validation sample (N = 509).

Factor loadings for each motivation	Work	Household chores	Health seeking	Group participation
Factor E
Because you will get into trouble otherwise	0.83	0.85	0.82	0.87
Because that is what your family members tell you to do	0.82	0.75	0.86	0.91
So that your family members won’t get angry with you	0.94	0.95	0.88	0.94
Because you want your family members to like you	0.82	0.89	0.95	0.85
Factor I
Because you want to	0.51	0.89	0.92	0.94
Because you personally think it is the right thing to	0.76	0.82	0.83	0.79
Because you like it	0.91	0.87	0.85	0.90
Because it is your duty/responsibility to do it	0.27	0.97	0.88	0.61
RMSEA	0.05	0.08	0.07	0.05
CFI	0.91	0.98	0.99	0.96
TLI	0.87	0.97	0.99	0.94
Cronbach’s α for external motivation	0.82	0.82	0.94	0.80
Cronbach’s α for internal motivation	0.90	0.79	0.92	0.81