Table 2. Prevalence Psychotropic Medication Use and Average Months Supplied by Therapeutic Class, for Children with and without ASD in 2010.
Therapeutic Class | Percentage receiving any medication in class | Difference in Likelihood of Any Use in Year, ASD vs no ASD | Average months supplied per user per year | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
Children with ASD (n=7,901) | Children with no ASD (n=79,010) | Adjusted OR (95% c.i.) | P-value | Children with ASD and any use | Children with no ASD and any use | |
| ||||||
All psychiatric medications | 48.47 | 7.7 | 11.44 (10.02,13.06) | <0.0001 | 18.3 | 9.3 |
| ||||||
All ADHD medications | 30.24 | 5.13 | 8.44 (7.61, 9.37) | <0.0001 | 12.3 | 9.9 |
S timulants | 22.73 | 4 .7 6 | 6.12 (5.51, 6.81) | <0 .0001 | 11.5 | 9.4 |
Other ADHD* | 12.35 | 0 .8 4 | 17.53 (15.42,19.93) | <0 .0001 | 9.0 | 7.1 |
Antipsychotics | 20.50 | 0.64 | 40.50 (35.25,46.53) | <0.0001 | 10.5 | 7.2 |
2nd generation | 20.30 | 0 .6 0 | 42.58 (36.99,49.01) | <0 .0001 | 10.4 | 7.4 |
1st generation | 0 .3 9 | 0 .0 4 | 9.55 (5.85,15.60) | <0 .0001 | 7.3 | 2.3 |
Antidepressants | 17.83 | 1.42 | 13.65 (11.88,15.69) | <0.0001 | 9.5 | 6.7 |
All mood stabilizers | 9.07 | 0.55 | 17.20 (14.77, 20.02) | <0.0001 | 11.7 | 9.3 |
Anticonvulsants | 8 .7 2 | 0 .5 3 | 17.07 (14.67,19.88) | <0 .0001 | 11.5 | 9.1 |
Lithium | 0 .5 8 | 0 .0 3 | 19.80 (12.24,32.02) | <0 .0001 | 9.5 | 10.4 |
Benzodiazepines | 4.30 | 0.48 | 8.96 (7.68,10.46) | <0.0001 | 2.8 | 1.6 |
Anti-anxiety medications | 3.00 | 1.16 | 2.62 (2.22, 3.10) | <0.0001 | 3.3 | 1.1 |
Hypnotics | 0.20 | 0.02 | (nonconvergent) | -- | 2.9 | 1.6 |
Notes: ASD cohort N=7,901; no-ASD cohort N=79,010.
Medication months supplied are added across all dispensings in class.
Other ADHD medications included alpha-2 adrenergic agonists and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (see appendix).
Logistic regression models controlled for SES (neighborhood education attainment and median household income quartile), age, sex, & health system site.