Table S1.

Validated NVPQOL questionnaire

Factor/domain	Items for inclusion
Physical symptoms/aggravating factors	Nausea Sick to your stomach Vomiting Dry heaves Poor appetite Symptoms worse in evening Not eaten for longer than you would like Worse when exposed to certain smells Worse when exposed to certain foods
Fatigue	Fatigue Worn out, lack of energy Exhausted Tired
Emotions	Emotional Less interested in sex Downhearted, blue, sad, unhappy, depressed, gloomy Frustrated Fed up with being sick Reassured that your symptoms are part of normal pregnancy Can’t enjoy your pregnancy
Limitations	Everything is an effort Accomplished less than you would like Took longer to get things done than usual Difficult or took extra effort to perform, and/or limited in types of work/other activities Difficulty maintaining your normal social activities with family, friends, neighbors, or social groups Rely on your partner to do things that you would normally do for family Difficulty looking after home Difficulty shopping for food Difficulty preparing or cooking meals Cut down on amount of time you spent at work/other activities

Notes: Respondents rate the occurrence of each item using a Likert 7-point scale ranging from 1 (none of the time) to 7 (all of the time). (The item “Reassured that your symptoms are part of normal pregnancy” is reversed.) The total score is the sum of the 30 items and is between 30 and 210. Lower scores correspond to better QoL. Reprinted from J Obstet Gynecol, 186(5 Suppl Understanding), Magee LA, Chandra K, Mazzotta P, Stewart D, Koren G, Guyatt GH, Development of a health-related quality of life instrument for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, S232–8, 2002, with permission from Elsevier. Copyright © 2002 Published by Mosby, Inc.¹

Abbreviations: NVPQOL, Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy quality of Life; QOL, Quality of life.