Fig 3. Morphological alterations in isolated spermatogenic cells and acrosomal asymmetry (Asymmetry Index).

Isolated cells were arranged from round (left) to elongated spermatids (right) following successive steps of transition from Golgi to acrosome in NCR (A to I, upper row) and HCARDA (J to R, lower row). Dashed line denotes the central axis(C and N); asterisks indicate acrosomal ends (N); arrow points the nuclear ring position (G) and abnormal vacuole is marked with + (N). 650X. Asymmetry Index (S): Distance from the central axis to each acrosomal end in isolated cells (n = 30 cells per condition) was calculated and expressed as asymmetry index (NCR: ■, HCARDA: Δ). A major index corresponds to higher asymmetry (p ≤ 0.003).