Table 3. Costs (total and disaggregated) and outcomes by treatment groups and study period.
| Baseline (n = 296) | 1. iTAU (n = 102) | 2. TSG (n = 98) | 3. LITG (N = 96) | F or χ2 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costs (€) | |||||
| Direct medical | 1,455.06 (1,473.65) | 1,892.08 (2,348.07) | 1,397.65 (1,667.21) | 2.062 | 0.129 |
| Medication | 67.27 | 111.70 | 88.84 | ||
| Indirect costs | 1,370.06 (2,346.68) | 1,115.16 (1,891.88) | 1,140.67 (2,366.97)) | 0.404 | 0.668 |
| Sick leaves | 378.99 | 448.40 | 331.22 | ||
| Productivity loss | 991.06 | 666.76 | 809.45 | ||
| Net total costs | 2,892.39 (2,889.71) | 3,118.94 (3,125.60) | 2,627.17 (3,198.88) | 0.623 | 0.537 |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Effectiveness (BDI-II score) | 22.27 (5.52) | 22.44 (4.94) | 22.40 (5.29) | 0.029 | 0.952 |
| Utility (EQ-5D Utility score) | .7076 (.1482) | .6989 (.1417) | .6794 (.1785) | 0.834 | 0.435 |
| Completers 12-month follow-up (n = 203) | iTAU (n = 74) | TSG (n = 61) | LITG (N = 68) | F or χ2 | p value |
| Costs (€) | |||||
| Direct medical | 1562.49 (2913.2) | 918.38 (1848.15) | 1083.29 (2145.8) | 1.366 | 0.258 |
| Medication | 51.06 | 62.79 | 64.32 | ||
| Indirect costs | 508.88 (641.97) | 421.64 (1173.39) | 569.54 (450.13) | 0.560 | 0.572 |
| Sick leaves | 301.33 | 338.62 | 349.02 | ||
| Productivity loss | 207.55 | 83.02 | 220.52 | ||
| Net total costs | 2122.43 (775.04) | 1402.81 (429.64) | 1717.15 (509.49) | 24.345 | 0.000 |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Effectiveness (BDI-II score) | 15.94 (11.06) | 12.32 (10.94) | 11.59 (11.48) | 3.093 | 0.048 |
| Utility (EQ-5D Utility score) | .7059 (.2221) | .7626 (.2401) | .7810 (.2050) | 2.213 | 0.112 |
| ITT 12-month follow-up (n = 296) | iTAU (n = 102) | TSG (n = 98) | LITG (N = 96) | F or χ2 | p value |
| Costs (€) | |||||
| Direct medical | 1,156.35 (1,742.21) | 822.70 (1,397.62) | 848.42 (1,442.96) | 1.461 | 0.234 |
| Medication | 51.06 | 62.79 | 64.32 | ||
| Indirect costs | 508.88 (1,375.40) | 421.59 (1,474.52) | 844.48 (2,852.59) | 1.205 | 0.301 |
| Sick leaves | 262.41 | 294.46 | 250.36 | ||
| Productivity loss | 246.47 | 127.12 | 594.12 | ||
| Net total costs | 1,716.29 (2,436.93) | 1,307.07 (2,218.66) | 1,757.22 (3,636.51) | 0.763 | 0.467 |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Effectiveness (BDI-II score) | 15.94 (10.99) | 11.96 (11.92) | 12.04 (10.79) | 4.107 | 0.017 |
| Utility (EQ-5D Utility score) | 0.7059 (0.2209) | 0.7852 (0,2427) | 0.7883 (0.2029) | 4.402 | 0.013 |
iTAU: improved treatment as usual; TSG: totally self-guided Internet-based program; LITG: low-intensity therapist-guided Internet-based program; ITT: intention-to-treat; BDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory II; EQ-5D: EuroQol-5D; ICER: incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; ICUR: incremental cost-utility ratio.