Table 3.
Risk factors for obesity within adolescents 12–17 years of age without and with developmental disabilities, by developmental disability type, NHIS, 2008–2010
| Model included the following factors | Children without developmental disabilities aPR (95 % CI) |
Children with any learning and behavioral disability aPR (95 % CI) |
Children with autism aPR (95 % CI) |
Children with intellectual disability (ID) without autism aPR (95 % CI) |
Children with ADHD without autism/ID aPR (95 % CI) |
Children with LD/other DD without ADHD/autism/ID aPR (95 % CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexa | ||||||
| Male | 1.5 (1.30–1.77) | 1.0 (0.78–1.39) | 1.1 (0.36–3.10) | 1.1 (0.40–3.23) | 1.0 (0.61–1.51) | 1.2 (0.64–2.29) |
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Age (years)a | ||||||
| 12–14 | 1.4 (1.19–1.63) | 1.0 (0.73–1.24) | 0.5 (0.25–1.10) | 0.5 (0.18–1.42) | 1.0 (0.66–1.44) | 0.7 (0.43–1.25) |
| 15–17 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Race/ethnicitya | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.8 (1.38–2.26) | 1.3 (0.89–1.79) | 2.3 (1.27–4.13) | 0.5 (0.62–2.20) | 1.3 (0.78–2.01) | 0.8 (0.41–1.64) |
| American Indian/Native American | 1.9 (0.89–4.02) | 2.6 (1.83–3.70) | n/a | 1.8 (0.36–8.55) | 3.0 (1.82–4.98) | 2.4 (1.01–5.70) |
| Asian | 0.8 (0.53–1.23) | 0.9 (0.29–2.74) | 1.6 (0.66–4.08) | 1.8 (0.35–8.78) | 3.0 (2.00–4.53) | 2.4 (1.23–4.65) |
| Other | 1.6 (1.04–2.39) | 1.5 (0.82–2.57) | 0.4 (0.06–2.46) | 1.8 (0.36–8.55) | 2.0 (0.99–3.93) | 0.7 (0.19–2.59) |
| Hispanic | 1.6 (1.26–1.90) | 1.2 (0.85–1.66) | 0.5 (0.11–2.40) | 1.2 (0.62–2.20) | 1.2 (0.70–1.96) | 1.2 (0.64–2.30) |
| Non-Hispanic White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Maternal Educationa | ||||||
| High school or less | 0.7 (0.57–0.83) | 1.0 (0.78–1.37) | 0.5 (0.29–1.00) | 1.9 (0.74–4.90) | 1.1 (0.76–1.60) | 1.4 (0.85–2.43) |
| Beyond high school | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Poverty-to-income ratioa | ||||||
| Below 200 % | 1.2 (0.98–1.45) | 1.4 (1.08–1.94) | 0.6 (0.30–1.24) | 3.7 (1.12–12.25) | 1.5 (1.01–2.28) | 2.5 (1.46–4.42) |
| At or above 200 % | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Birthweighta | ||||||
| Less than 2,500 g | 1.0 (0.76–1.26) | 1.4 (0.97–1.96) | 2.7 (1.54–4.76) | 2.4 (0.95–6.03) | 1.0 (0.55–1.92) | 1.6 (0.77–3.53) |
| Greater than or equal to 2,500 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
aPR Adjusted prevalence ratio, CI confidence interval
a
Prevalence ratio is adjusted for child’s age, sex, race/ethnicity, mother’s education, poverty-to-income ratio, and birthweight