C. parvum can be passaged from an infected scaffold to an uninfected one to establish a new infection. (A to C) Following infection, scaffolds were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with MAb 4E9. Images are from 3 days after the first passage (A), second passage (B), or third passage (C). (D) Scanning electron micrograph of a C. parvum-infected scaffold at 3 days after the first passage.