TABLE 2.
Clinical characteristics and health service utilization in statin users and nonusers
| Characteristic | Value(s) by treatment groupa |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unexposed (n = 16,448) | Pretreated without continuation (n = 344) | Pretreated with continuation (n = 159) | De novo (n = 187) | |
| Time to antibiotic treatment initiation from culture collection [days (IQR)] | 0 (1–0) | 0 (1–0) | 0 (1–0) | 0 (1–0) |
| Length of antibiotic therapy [days (IQR)] | 9 (15–5) | 9 (14.5–6) | 10 (14–6) | 10 (15–6) |
| Time to culture collection from admission [days (IQR)] | 0 (5–0) | 2* (9–0) | 4* (10–1) | 0* (0–0) |
| Surgery during current admission [no. (%)] | 5,808 (35.3) | 123 (35.8) | 65 (40.9) | 62 (33.2) |
| Comorbidity during current admission [no. (%)] | ||||
| Charlson score (means ± SD) | 3.2 ± 2.7 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 3.4 ± 2.6 | 3.3 ± 2.5 |
| Alcohol abuse | 820 (5.0) | 12 (3.5) | 12 (7.6) | 10 (5.4) |
| Cancer | 1,798 (10.9) | 34 (9.9) | 13 (8.2) | 7* (3.7) |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 2,348 (14.3) | 71* (20.6) | 32* (20.1) | 35 (18.7) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1,465 (8.9) | 49* (14.2) | 25* (15.7) | 38* (20.3) |
| Chronic renal disease | 1,783 (10.8) | 47 (13.7) | 23 (14.5) | 27 (14.4) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 815 (5.0) | 15 (4.4) | 12 (7.6) | 6 (3.2) |
| Congestive heart failure | 2,924 (17.8) | 99* (28.8) | 57* (35.9) | 57* (30.5) |
| Coronary heart disease | 1,703 (10.4) | 88* (25.6) | 55* (34.6) | 53* (28.3) |
| Diabetes | 5,607 (34.1) | 170* (49.4) | 58 (36.5) | 83* (44.4) |
| Hypertension | 8,175 (49.7) | 210* (61.1) | 99* (62.3) | 111* (59.4) |
| Mild liver disease | 1,792 (10.9) | 10* (2.9) | 8*(5.0) | 8* (4.3) |
| Myocardial infarction | 860 (5.2) | 52* (15.1) | 42* (26.4) | 45* (24.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 414 (2.5) | 19* (5.5) | 5 (3.1) | 4 (2.1) |
| Medication use during current admission [no. (%)] | ||||
| Antihypertensive medication | 11,590 (70.5) | 306* (88.9) | 148* (93.1) | 163* (87.2) |
| Diuretic | 7,896 (48.0) | 209* (60.8) | 87 (54.7) | 95 (50.8) |
| Diabetic medication (oral) | 1,971 (12.0) | 68* (19.8) | 17 (10.7) | 32* (17.1) |
| Insulin | 8,174 (49.7) | 229* (66.6) | 81 (50.9) | 100 (53.5) |
| Corticosteroid | 4,283 (26.0) | 99 (28.8) | 27* (17.0) | 37 (19.8) |
| H2RA/PPI | 12,656 (76.9) | 283* (82.3) | 129 (81.1) | 133 (71.1) |
| NSAID | 2,820 (17.1) | 46 (13.4) | 18 (11.3) | 29 (15.5) |
| Medical conditions in year prior to current admissionb | ||||
| Low-density lipoprotein testing [no. (%)] | 8,358 (50.8) | 220* (64.0) | 106* (66.7) | 88 (47.1) |
| Low-density lipoprotein [mg/dl (IQR)] | 83 (62–107) | 82 (60–116) | 89* (68–121) | 87 (65–120) |
| Previous alcohol abuse [no. (%)] | 632 (3.8) | 9 (2.6) | 5 (3.1) | 2* (1.1) |
| Previous cancer [no. (%)] | 897 (5.4) | 18 (5.2) | 2* (1.3) | 7 (3.7) |
| Previous cardiac arrhythmia [no. (%)] | 1,220 (7.4) | 36* (10.5) | 13 (8.2) | 12 (6.4) |
| Previous chronic renal disease [no. (%)] | 968 (5.9) | 23 (6.7) | 9 (5.7) | 10 (5.4) |
| Previous chronic respiratory disease [no. (%)] | 471 (2.9) | 9 (2.6) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (1.6) |
| Previous coronary heart disease [no. (%)] | 1,219 (7.4) | 64* (18.6) | 25* (15.7) | 19 (10.2) |
| Previous hypertension [no. (%)] | 9,313 (56.6) | 236* (68.6) | 96 (60.4) | 99 (52.9) |
| Previous mild liver disease [no. (%)] | 1,030 (6.3) | 11* (3.2) | 6 (3.8) | 8 (4.3) |
| Previous myocardial infarction [no. (%)] | 654 (4.0) | 47* (13.7) | 15* (9.4) | 15* (8.0) |
| Previous skin or subcutaneous tissue infection [no. (%)] | 892 (5.4) | 24 (7.0) | 6 (3.8) | 17* (9.1) |
| History of medication usec [no. (%)] | ||||
| Antihypertensive medication | 10,253 (62.3) | 314* (91.3) | 143* (89.9) | 93* (49.7) |
| Diuretic | 6,836 (41.6) | 210* (61.1) | 92* (57.9) | 49* (26.2) |
| Diabetic medication (oral) | 2,336 (14.2) | 98* (28.5) | 21 (13.2) | 28 (15.0) |
| Insulin | 5,330 (32.4) | 196* (57.0) | 77* (48.4) | 40* (21.4) |
| Corticosteroid | 3,880 (23.6) | 92 (26.7) | 31 (19.5) | 24* (12.8) |
| H2RA/PPI | 9,455 (57.5) | 262* (76.2) | 110* (69.2) | 59* (31.6) |
| NSAID | 3,312 (20.1) | 78 (22.7) | 23 (14.5) | 19* (10.2) |
| Influenza vaccination | 2,010 (12.2) | 44 (12.8) | 15 (9.4) | 26 (13.9) |
| Previous surgeryb | 4,956 (30.1) | 115 (33.4) | 32* (20.1) | 43* (23.0) |
| Previous hospitalizationb | 9,294 (56.5) | 220* (64.0) | 78 (49.1) | 75* (40.1) |
| Previous nursing home stayb | 1,596 (9.7) | 24 (7.0) | 9 (5.7) | 12 (6.4) |
a
Data are means ± standard deviations, median (interquartile range [IQR], q1-q3), or number (percent) of patients. An asterisk indicates a P value of <0.05 for pairwise comparison between the statin exposure group and nonuser group. H2RA, histamine-2 receptor antagonist; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
b
Present in the 1 year prior to the Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia hospitalization.
c
Present in the 90 days prior to the Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia hospitalization.