Table 1. Characteristics of the four smoking subjects during the target time period.a.
| Subject ID | Sex | History of asbestos exposure | Smoking | Lung cancer | Lung cancer if male/femaleb | Response type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quit smoking (i.e., exposure) | Did not quit (i.e., non-exposure) | ||||||
| Subject #1 | Male | Yes | Quit | Diseased | Diseased | (Diseased) | Doomed |
| Subject #2 | Male | No | Did not quit | Diseased | (Non-diseased) | Diseased | Preventive |
| Subject #3 | Female | No | Quit | Non-diseased | Non-diseased | (Non-diseased) | Immune |
| Subject #4 | Female | No | Did not quit | Diseased | (Non-diseased) | Diseased | Preventive |
a
Effect of smoking cessation on lung cancer.
b
Parentheses indicate that these particular outcomes are counterfactual.