Table 3. Item-scale convergent validity, internal consistency reliability, and floor and ceiling effects of HLS-EU-Q47 in six Asian countries with various sampling populations.
| Indonesia | Kazakhstan | Malaysia | Myanmar | Taiwan | Vietnam | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 1029) | (n = 1845) | (n = 462) | (n = 1600) | (n = 3015) | (n = 2073) | ||
| Item-scale convergent validity,range of correlations (rho) | |||||||
| Gen-HL | 0.42–0.58 | 0.62–0.73 | 0.49–0.68 | 0.44–0.66 | 0.46–0.68 | 0.56–0.67 | |
| HC-HL | 0.49–0.60 | 0.65–0.74 | 0.51–0.69 | 0.51–0.71 | 0.53–0.70 | 0.61–0.73 | |
| DP-HL | 0.52–0.68 | 0.67–0.75 | 0.60–0.72 | 0.57–0.72 | 0.59–0.74 | 0.64–0.75 | |
| HP-HL | 0.52–0.65 | 0.70–0.76 | 0.55–0.74 | 0.41–0.69 | 0.61–0.74 | 0.62–0.73 | |
| Reliability | |||||||
| Cronbach's alpha | Gen-HL | 0.94 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.96 | 0.97 |
| HC-HL | 0.85 | 0.93 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.92 | |
| DP-HL | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.92 | |
| HP-HL | 0.88 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.92 | |
| Split-half Spearman-Brown coefficient | Gen-HL | 0.87 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.89 |
| HC-HL | 0.78 | 0.90 | 0.84 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.87 | |
| DP-HL | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.80 | 0.87 | |
| HP-HL | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.87 | 0.83 | 0.87 | 0.85 | |
| Floor effects, % | |||||||
| Gen-HL | 0.00 | 0.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.60 | |
| HC-HL | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 1.40 | |
| DP-HL | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 1.20 | |
| HP-HL | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 1.00 | |
| Ceiling effect, % | |||||||
| Gen-HL | 0.30 | 5.20 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 1.10 | 2.10 | |
| HC-HL | 0.50 | 6.70 | 1.70 | 1.60 | 1.90 | 2.80 | |
| DP-HL | 1.60 | 8.20 | 2.60 | 3.30 | 3.40 | 3.90 | |
| HP-HL | 1.00 | 8.20 | 1.50 | 2.40 | 3.60 | 4.60 | |
DP-HL, disease prevention health literacy; Gen-HL, General Health Literacy; HC-HL, health care health literacy; HLS-EU-Q47, European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire with 47 items; HP-HL, health promotion health literacy.