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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2016 Dec 28;96:87–93. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.049

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of neighborhood compactness, by study site

Descriptive
Statistic		 Dallas, TX Pittsburgh, PA San Francisco
Peninsula, CA		 Winston-Salem,
NC
Median −0.9383 0.8619 −0.1865 −1.5056
Standard Deviation 1.7241 2.5143 1.9058 1.4557
Minimum −3.1530 −3.0273 −3.1622 −3.2169
Maximum 8.9821 8.5953 6.7318 4.6827
Interquartile Range 1.3661 3.1964 2.0128 1.6567

NOTE: Neighborhood compactness was characterized using the “walkability index” developed by Frank et al (2010). The “walkability index” is a zero centered, composite score of net residential density, intersection density, land-use mix, and retail-to-floor area ratio. Low walkability index scores reflect less compact, single-use neighborhoods; while high walkability index scores reflect more compact, multi-use neighborhoods.