Figure 5.

A. Photoreceptors and other protein factors affecting chloroplast movement. Protein structures and the functional domains affecting chloroplast movement are presented. Phototropins (i.e., phot1 and phot2) are the main blue light receptors involved in chloroplast movement in all organisms tested so far. Neochrome1 (neo1) is a red and blue light receptor in the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris. The CHUP1 and KAC proteins polymerize or maintain cp-actin filaments. Details regarding each factor are provided in Section 10.4. B. Arabidopsis thaliana mutant phenotypes. Necrosis was observed in avoidance response-deficient phot2 and chup1 mutant plants under continuous irradiation with white light (1400 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹). Figure A is modified from Suetsugu and Wada 2016,⁴⁶⁾ B is reproduced from Kasahara et al. 2002²⁵⁾ with copyright permission from Frontiers in Plant Sciences and Nature, respectively.