Table 1.
Patient Characteristics, stratified by ulcer severity*
| Characteristic | Total cohort (n= 66,323) |
Early stage ulcer (n= 61,383) |
Osteomyelitis (n= 2,930) |
Gangrene (n= 2,010) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69 (10.38) |
69 (10.37) |
66 (10.45) |
69 (10.08) |
| Male | 65,280 (98.43) |
60,406 (98.41) |
2,888 (98.57) |
1,986 (98.81) |
| Race | ||||
| White | 52,837 (79.67) |
49,251 (80.24) |
2,163 (73.82) |
1,423 (70.80) |
| Black | 8,904 (13.43) |
7,952 (12.95) |
519 (17.71) |
433 (21.54) |
| Other | 4,582 (6.91) |
4,180 (6.81) |
248 (8.46) |
154 (7.66) |
| Hispanic | 4,107 (6.19) |
3,734 (6.08) |
229 (7.82) |
144 (7.16) |
| Married | 41,305 (62.28) |
38,485 (62.70) |
1,667 (56.89) |
1,153 (57.36) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Peripheral neuropathy | 9,937 (14.98) |
9,291 (15.14) |
402 (13.72) |
244 (12.14) |
| Coronary artery disease | 31,998 (48.25) |
29,840 (48.61) |
1,185 (40.44) |
973 (48.41) |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 10,300 (15.53) |
9,455 (15.40) |
366 (12.49) |
479 (23.83) |
| History of stroke | 4,817 (7.26) |
4,448 (7.25) |
175 (5.97) |
194 (9.65) |
| History of vascular procedur | 508 (0.77) |
446 (0.73) |
16 (0.55) |
46 (2.29) |
| History of eye disease | 16,775 (25.29) |
15,464 (25.19) |
799 (27.27) |
512 (25.47) |
| Foot deformity | 1,445 (2.18) |
1,347 (2.19) |
69 (2.35) |
29 (1.44) |
| CKD stage 1a | 9,033 (15.31) |
8,277 (15.17) |
498 (18.74) |
258 (14.47) |
| CKD stage 2 | 28,161 (47.72) |
26,062 (47.75) |
1,317 (49.57) |
782 (43.86) |
| CKD stage 3 | 19,908 (33.73) |
18,512 (33.92) |
773 (29.09) |
623 (34.94) |
| CKD stage 4 | 1,916 (3.52) |
1,727 (3.16) |
69 (2.60) |
120 (6.73) |
| Healthcare utilization | ||||
| Outpatient visits | 18.01 (15.73) |
18.15 (15.68) |
15.33 (15.46) |
17.60 (17.13) |
| Emergency room visits | 1.49 (2.46) |
1.47 (2.42) |
1.55 (3.17) |
1.86 (2.43) |
| Hospitalizations | 0.71 (1.27) |
0.71 (1.27) |
0.63 (1.11) |
1.04 (1.53) |
| Statin use | 46,322 (69.84) |
42,987 (70.03) |
1,961 (66.93) |
1,374 (68.36) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHgb | 134 (15.38) |
134 (15.37) |
134 (14.72) |
135 (16.52) |
| Hemoglobin A1C, %c | 7.60 (1.60) |
7.58 (1.56) |
7.88 (1.74) |
7.76 (1.76) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dLd | 159 (36.36) |
159 (36.18) |
163 (38.12) |
164 (39.42) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dLe | 86 (29.76) |
86 (29.62) |
89 (31.42) |
90 (32.01) |
| Follow-up, months | 27.72 (18.72) |
28.44 (18.72) |
27.36 (18.60) |
20.52 (18.60) |
| Died during follow-up | 33,554 (50.59) |
30,911 (50.36) |
1,332 (45.46) |
1,311 (65.22) |
Data are presented as counts (%) or means (SD).
Of the entire cohort, 7,305 (11.01%) patients did not have a serum creatinine measurement from which to calculate CKD stage. The percent of missing values for those presenting with early stage ulcers, osteomyelitis and gangrene were: 11.09%. 9.32%, and 11.29%, respectively.
Of the entire cohort, 4,916 (7.41%) patients did not have a systolic blood pressure measurement. The percent of missing values for those presenting with early stage ulcers, osteomyelitis and gangrene were: 7.31%, 7.34%, and 10.50%, respectively.
Of the entire cohort, 11,674 (17.60%) patients did not have a hemoglobin A1C value. The percent of missing values for those presenting with early stage ulcers, osteomyelitis, and gangrene were: 17.42%, 16.45%, and 24.93%, respectively.
Of the entire cohort, 14,244 (21.48%) patients did not have a total cholesterol value. The percent of missing values for those presenting with early stage ulcers, osteomyelitis and gangrene were: 21.25%, 20.92%, and 29.35%, respectively.
Of the entire cohort, 14,708 (22.18%) patients did not have a low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol value. The percent of missing values for those presenting with early stage ulcers, osteomyelitis and gangrene were: 21.92%, 22.08%, and 30.00%, respectively.