Table 2.
Chest imaging and diagnostic criteria of selected studies
| Study | Imaging | Pneumonia diagnosis | Patient type | Inclusion criteria | Ultrasound operator | Diagnostic criteria | Blinding |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benci et al. [27] | CXR + Chest CT if CXR/LUS discordance | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Hospitalized | Pneumonia symptoms | Experienced physicians | Consolidation | Yes |
| Lichtenstein et al. [19] | Chest CT | Imaging only | Critically ill | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Experienced physicians | Consolidation | Yes |
| Lichtenstein et al. [28] | Chest CT | Imaging only | Critically ill | Chest pain or severe thoracic diseases | Two ED physician sonographers | Consolidation | Yes |
| Lichtenstein et al. [29] | CXR + Chest CT if possible | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Critically ill | Acute respiratory failure | Experienced physicians | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Parlamento et al. [30] | CXR + Chest CT if CXR/LUS discordance | Imaging only | Presented to ED | CAP symptoms | Experienced physicians | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Cortellaro et al. [31] | CXR + Chest CT if possible | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Presented to ED | CAP symptoms | Experienced physicians | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Xirouchaki et al. [32] | Chest CT scan | Imaging only | Critically ill | Mechanically ventilated patients scheduled for chest CT scan | Single physician (Expertise not mentioned) | Consolidation | Yes |
| Reissig et al. [33] | CXR + chest CT if CXR/LUS discordance | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Presented to ED or hospitalized | CAP symptoms | Experienced physicians | Consolidation | Yes |
| Testa et al. [34] | CXR + chest CT if possible/indicated | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Presented to ED | Suspected H1N1 infection | Experienced physicians | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Unluer et al. [24] | CXR + chest CT if possible/indicated | Imaging only | Presented to ED | CAP symptoms | Trained emergency physicians | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Nafae et al. [37] | Chest CT scan | Imaging only | Hospitalized | Pneumonia symptoms | Experienced physicians | Consolidation | No |
| Esposito et al. [39] | CR | Imaging only | Critically ill | CAP symptoms | Resident with limited experience | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Liu et al. [38] | CT scan | Imaging only | Presented to ED | CAP symptoms | Trained emergency physicians | Consolidation | Yes |
| Copetti et al. [36] | Electrocardiogram, Chest X-ray, and Color-Doppler echocardiography. | Imaging only | Critically ill | acute pulmonary edema | NA | Alveolar and interstitial | NA |
| Iuri [23] | Chest radiographs | Imaging only | admitted to the pediatric emergency ward | CAP symptoms | Two radiologists | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Shah [35] | Chest radiographs | Imaging only | patients had a routine clinical examination | Pneumonia symptoms | Trained physicians | Consolidation | Yes |
| Dien [25] | Chest radiographs | Imaging only | Critically ill | Pneumonia symptoms | One radiologist | Consolidation | NA |
| Caiulo [26] | Chest radiographs | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Presented to ED | Pneumonia symptoms | One radiologist | Alveolar and interstitial | Yes |
| Nazerian [40] | Chest CT scan | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Presented to ED | Any respiratory complaint | Trained emergency physicians | Consolidation | Yes |
| Bourcier [41] | Chest CT scan | Clinical diagnosis or imaging | Presented to ED | CAP pneumonia | Trained emergency physicians | Alveolar-interstitial syndrome | NA |