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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Free Radic Biol Med. 2017 Jan 17;104:249–261. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.028

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

Synthesis of uracil 5-carboxylic acid (c5Ura, 1), 2-thiouracil 5-carboxylic acid (s2c5Ura, 2) and 2-selenouracil 5-carboxylic acid (se2c5Ura, 3). The derivatives contain a single, non-exchangable proton (Ha) visible by 1H-NMR spectroscopy.