. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2016 Nov 29;182:184–189.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.11.011

Table 1.

Pediatric subjects characteristics

Characteristics	NF	F	F-LVAD
Number in cohort	16	20	11
Male, n (%)	9 (56)	10 (50) (P=0.7)	6 (54) (P=0.9)
Mean age at tissue collection (years)	11 ± 5	6 ± 6 (P=0.01)	7 ± 6 (P=0.08)
Mean days on LVAD (range)			71(12–210)
Type of LVAD (n)			Berlin Heart (8) Thoratec LVAD (1) Pedimag (1) Heartware HVAD (1)
Mean EF ±SD (%)	49 ±15	18 ± 8 (P=0.0004)
Milrinone, n (%)		10 (50)	3 (19)
PDE5 inhibitor, n (%)^*			4 (36)
Beta-blocker, n (%)	2 (13)	4 (20)	4 (36)
ACE inhibitor, n (%)		18 (90)	3 (27)
Non-PDEi Inotrope, n (%)^†	9 (56)	3 (15)	1 (9)

NF, non-failing; F, Failing; F-LVAD, failing patients treated with an LVAD; M, male; EF, ejection fraction; SD, standard deviation; PDE, phosphodiesterase; PDEi, phosphodiesterase inhibitor and ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme.

PDE5 inhibitor, sildenafil or tadalafil.

^†

Non-PDEi Inotropes include: dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, & norepinephrine. P-values are compared to non-failing.