Figure 5.

AR156 activates PTI elements in Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis Col-0 plants are drench-applied with AR156 at 5 × 10⁸ CFU/ml or 0.85% NaCl (Control). The leaves were infected by B. cinerea spore suspension (1 × 10⁶ spores/ml). (A–C) Leaves were sampled at 0, 10, 30 and 60 min and MAPKs were detected by Western blot with an anti-Erk antibody (Cell Signaling; #4370S). Tubulin was used as an equal loading control. (D) The transcript levels of FRK1 and WRKY53 in Arabidopsis leaves were analyzed by Real-time RT-PCR. Samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, and 60 min after inoculation with B. cinerea. AtActin mRNA was used as an internal control. The means values ± SD from three independent repeats are shown. A Student's t-test was used to determine significant differences between the AR156-treated sample and the control (^**P < 0.01).