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. 2017 Feb 28;11:92. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00092

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Copyright © 2017 Yang, Kuc, Brame, Dyson, Singer, Glen, Cheriyan, Wilkinson, Davenport and Maguire.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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In vivo actions of [Pyr¹]apelin-13_(1–12) in rat. (A) Administration of intravenous [Pyr¹]apelin-13_(1–12) (, n = 5) resulted in a significant dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure in rat in vivo. Other parameters (B) stroke volume (SV), (C) cardiac output (CO), (D) peak velocity (PV) and velocity-time interval (VTI) were unaffected at any dose of [Pyr¹]apelin-13_(1–12). Significantly different from baseline; ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. One-way ANOVA repeated measures compared to baseline with Dunnett's multiple comparison test.

Inline graphic — In vivo actions of [Pyr¹]apelin-13_(1–12) in rat. (A) Administration of intravenous [Pyr¹]apelin-13_(1–12) (, n = 5) resulted in a significant dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure in rat in vivo. Other parameters (B) stroke volume (SV), (C) cardiac output (CO), (D) peak velocity (PV) and velocity-time interval (VTI) were unaffected at any dose of [Pyr¹]apelin-13_(1–12). Significantly different from baseline; ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. One-way ANOVA repeated measures compared to baseline with Dunnett's multiple comparison test.