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. 2016 Aug 2;72(1):13–22. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208599

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Azithromycin (AZM) treatment increased bacterially produced metabolites and decreased inflammatory mediators in the lower airways. (A) Metabolites were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among metabolites shown to change post treatment with AZM (and not placebo), Of the 14 metabolites, 4 were identified as potential microbial metabolites. Comparisons between metabolites levels pre-treatment versus post-treatment had been based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test. (B) Concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was used to measure cytokines with Luminex. Paired comparisons between pre-treatment versus post-treatment had been based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. CXCL1, chemokine (C-X-C) ligand 1; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.