Table 3.

SF-36 Scores measuring health related quality of life: Mean scores (Mean) and standard deviation (SD) values of RAND Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) for all groups, including values of planned comparisons t values with associated significance values and Cohen's d effect sizes for comparisons between CLBP and Controls and Group 1 and Group 2 patients. Original significance values are described alongside Benjamini–Hochberg post –hoc correction values. All data, except significance values, have been corrected to 2 decimal places. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), ** Statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).

Questionnaire	Domain	Controls (Mean, SD)		NocLBP (Mean, SD)		NuLBP (Mean, SD)		CLBP & Controls			Group 1 & Group 2
								t value	df	Sig. value	t value	df	Uncorrected Sig. value	B-H corrected Sig. value	Cohen's d
SF-36	Physical Functioning	100.00	0.00	55.38	20.63	35.43	19.42	19.07	46.81	<0.001**	3.49	46.81	0.001*	0.002*	1.02
	Role-Physical	100.00	0.00	36.54	40.76	26.09	38.05	12.20	46.85	<0.001**	0.93	46.85	0.358	0.397	0.27
	Bodily Pain	98.95	3.15	41.54	19.08	24.13	16.95	24.73	53.84	<0.001**	3.38	47.00	0.001*	0.002*	0.99
	General Health Perception	85.53	10.39	52.88	19.86	47.61	25.67	8.65	58.88	<0.001**	0.80	41.28	0.43	0.428	0.23
	PCS	96.12	2.60	46.59	19.12	33.32	19.10	20.07	50.49	<0.001**	2.43	46.28	0.019*	0.022*	0.71
	Vitality	73.95	14.20	48.08	22.45	36.30	18.48	6.15	65.00	<0.001**	2.15	65.00	0.035*	0.04*	0.63
	Social Functioning	96.71	11.67	65.38	23.53	42.93	19.15	10.48	57.66	<0.001**	3.68	46.70	0.001*	0.001*	1.07
	Role-Emotional	94.74	12.49	70.51	40.36	47.83	42.43	5.40	60.94	<0.001**	1.91	45.60	0.062	0.07	0.56
	General Mental health	81.68	10.27	71.23	16.93	58.96	17.94	4.83	54.19	<0.001**	2.45	45.48	0.018*	0.022*	0.71
	MCS	86.77	7.51	63.80	21.10	46.51	18.41	9.56	64.98	<0.001**	3.06	46.99	0.004*	0.005*	0.89