Table 4.
Psychometric scores: Mean scores and standard deviation values of Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Questionnaire (CES-D), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Revised Symptom Checklist 90 Questionnaire (SCL-90-R) for all groups, including values of planned comparisons t values with associated significance values and Cohen's d effect sizes for comparisons between CLBP and Controls and Group 1 and Group 2 patients. Original significance values are described alongside Benjamini–Hochberg post –hoc correction values. All data, except significance values, have been corrected to 2 decimal places. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05), ** Statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).
| Questionnaire | Domain | Controls (Mean, SD) | NocLBP (Mean, SD) | NuLBP (Mean, SD) | CLBP & Controls |
Group 1 & Group 2 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| t value | df | Sig. value | t value | df | Uncorrected Sig. value | B-H corrected Sig. value | Cohen's d | ||||||||
| SCL-90-R |
Somatisation | 42.68 | 9.10 | 62.69 | 9.12 | 69.58 | 9.38 | 9.45 | 66.00 | <0.001** | 2.65 | 66 | 0.01* | 0.015* | 0.76 |
| Obsessive-Compulsive | 50.00 | 10.29 | 59.77 | 10.45 | 65.21 | 9.97 | 4.52 | 66.00 | <0.001** | 1.88 | 66 | 0.065 | 0.074 | 0.54 | |
| Interpersonal Sensitivity | 46.63 | 6.33 | 53.12 | 12.43 | 61.38 | 12.36 | 4.66 | 60.39 | <0.001** | 2.35 | 47.72 | 0.023* | 0.029* | 0.68 | |
| Depression | 47.32 | 10.61 | 56.92 | 11.29 | 62.48 | 12.91 | 3.92 | 65.00 | <0.001** | 1.66 | 65 | 0.102 | 0.113 | 0.48 | |
| Anxiety | 42.53 | 8.26 | 51.85 | 11.98 | 60.46 | 14.23 | 5.12 | 50.86 | <0.001** | 2.31 | 45.17 | 0.026* | 0.030* | 0.67 | |
| Hostility | 44.79 | 7.42 | 53.27 | 11.33 | 55.38 | 13.86 | 3.85 | 53.63 | <0.001** | 0.59 | 44.54 | 0.561 | 0.609 | 0.17 | |
| Phobic Anxiety | 46.89 | 7.98 | 50.54 | 11.17 | 58.96 | 13.08 | 3.12 | 48.95 | 0.003* | 2.44 | 45.45 | 0.019* | 0.025* | 0.70 | |
| Paranoid Ideation | 46.21 | 7.71 | 49.62 | 10.23 | 54.04 | 15.00 | 2.21 | 50.97 | 0.032* | 1.21 | 40.16 | 0.234 | 0.257 | 0.35 | |
| Psychoticism | 45.63 | 4.55 | 55.85 | 11.38 | 62.25 | 13.39 | 6.55 | 63.15 | <0.001** | 1.82 | 45.35 | 0.076 | 0.085 | 0.53 | |
| Global Severity Index | 43.84 | 11.21 | 58.27 | 9.99 | 65.17 | 10.45 | 6.32 | 66.00 | <0.001** | 2.32 | 66 | 0.023* | 0.028* | 0.67 | |
| Positive Symptom Total | 43.89 | 9.36 | 54.85 | 10.02 | 63.26 | 8.97 | 5.91 | 65.00 | <0.001** | 3.10 | 65 | 0.004* | 0.006* | 0.9 | |
| Positive Symptom Distress Index |
46.58 |
8.58 |
61.31 |
9.95 |
62.42 |
10.48 |
5.79 |
66.00 |
<0.001** |
0.40 |
66 |
0.69 |
0.69 |
0.12 |
|
| STAI |
State | 29.53 | 9.65 | 36.42 | 8.02 | 43.83 | 14.34 | 3.83 | 37.88 | <0.001** | 2.23 | 35.49 | 0.032* | 0.064 | 0.65 |
| Trait |
32.80 |
8.08 |
42.31 |
10.13 |
46.63 |
11.18 |
4.42 |
67.00 |
<0.001** |
1.53 |
67 |
0.131 |
0.261 |
0.44 |
|
| CES-D | 4.55 | 5.69 | 11.42 | 8.37 | 23.33 | 10.67 | 6.88 | 55.70 | <0.001** | 4.37 | 43.60 | <0.001** | <0.001** | 1.26 | |