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. 2017 Feb 28;108(2):163–169. doi: 10.1111/cas.13122

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© 2016 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Historic process from basic research into understanding the biological function of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1). The protein, originally found in rat liver extract, binds antizyme (AZ) with higher affinity than ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). First thought to be an ODC derivative, AZIN1 was then proved to be a distinct protein from different aspects, including the lack of an ornithine decarboxylating activity and ubiquitin‐dependent degradation. Researchers have gradually realized that AZIN1 is associated with the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver cirrhosis, or may play an important role in tumorigenesis in many different tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). miR, microRNA.