Table 1.
Barrier type | Income level | ||||
|
|
|
Low | Mid | Total |
Patient barriers |
|
|
33 | ||
|
P1 | Low formal education | 4 | 0 | 4 |
P2 | Technology illiteracy (uncomfortable with technology) | 7 | 3 | 10 | |
P3 | Medication nonadherence | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
P4 | Patients desire in-person contact with provider (perceived lack of confidence and comfort) | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
P5 | Low perceived value or effectiveness | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
P6 | Health illiteracy | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
P7 | Other | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Technology access barriers |
|
|
21 | ||
|
T1 | Patient does not have required technology | 5 | 3 | 8 |
T2 | Technology is cost prohibitive to the patient (not affordable) | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
T3 | Limited internet access in the area | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
T4 | Other | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
Design barriers |
|
|
60 | ||
|
D1 | Lack of customization to patient preferences and needs | 5 | 3 | 8 |
D2 | Lack of accuracy or reliability (patient or provider) | 7 | 6 | 13 | |
D3 | Content not engaging or relevant | 3 | 6 | 9 | |
D4 | Timing of patient-provider interactions | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
D5 | Decisions of content and frequency of interventions | 3 | 3 | 6 | |
D6 | Patients not incorporated into the design needs | 3 | 0 | 3 | |
D7 | No analysis on impact with comorbidities | 2 | 1 | 3 | |
D8 | Labor- and time-intensive for providers | 4 | 2 | 6 | |
D9 | Other | 4 | 5 | 9 | |
Provider barriers |
|
|
14 | ||
|
Pv1 | Data accessibility to patient logs (access to patient logs) | 2 | 1 | 3 |
Pv2 | Low integration into provider work flow | 3 | 1 | 4 | |
Pv3 | Other | 3 | 4 | 7 | |
System barriers |
|
|
20 | ||
|
S1 | Limitations on scalability | 1 | 9 | 10 |
S2 | Lack of program reimbursement by insurance | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
S3 | High cost of intervention | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
S4 | Other | 3 | 1 | 4 |