Table 2.

How to choose phosphate binders depends on the budgets, pill loading, beneficial effects and side effects.

Phosphate binders	Relative coefficient	Pill burden	Beneficial effects (pleiotropic effects or others)	Side effect	Cost
Aluminum hydroxide	1.5	Low	No	Bone accumulation	Low
Calcium carbonate	1.0	High	No	Vascular and soft tissue calcification	Low
Calcium acetate	1.0	High	No	Vascular and soft tissue calcification	Low
Sevelamer carbonate/Sevelamer hydrochloride	0.75	High	Pleiotropic effects (lipid profiles, fibroblast growth factor 23, inflammation, uremic toxins, oxidative stress, fetuin A, and improvement of endothelial dysfunction)	Decrease absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K; sevelamer hydrochloride (metabolic acidosis)	High
Lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol® chewable tablet)	2.0	Low	No	Bone accumulation	High
Magnesium carbonate	1.7	High	No	Hypermagnesemia	Low
Fe-citrate (Nephoxil®)	1.14	High	Supply oral iron	Iron overload/diarrhea?	High