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. 2017 Feb 28;10:59. doi: 10.1186/s13045-017-0424-0

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — The effects of metformin and ATO on the mTORC1 and AMPK/MAPK pathways in ICC in vitro. a and c The effect of metformin and ATO single or combination treatment on the active status of mTORC1, AMPK/MAPK, and ERK3 pathways of ICC cells was determined by western blotting. b and d The data were quantified and are represented as the means ± SD from three independent experiments. (Combination vs metformin ^* P < 0.05, combination vs ATO ^# P < 0.05)