Table 2.
Adverse effects of additional treatment versus control treatment regimens.
| Side effect | Adenocarcinoma | Squamous cell carcinoma | Any carcinoma | Additional treatment (%) | Control treatment (%) | Difference (Int – Cont) (%) | Risk ratio | 95% CIs | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anorexia/weight loss | +* | + | − | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1.06 | 0.07, 16.53 | 0.96 |
| AST/ALT elevation | +* | + | − | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3.19 | 0.13, 76.36 | 0.47 |
| Dermatological | − | + | − | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2.95 | 0.32, 27.58 | 0.34 |
| Gastrointestinal tract | +* | + | + | 18 | 17 | 1 | 1.01 | 0.61, 1.68 | 0.96 |
| Hematological | +* | + | + | 36 | 14 | 22 | 2.59 | 1.63, 4.11 | <0.0001 |
| Hyperglycemia | +* | + | − | 0 | 2 | −2 | 0.35 | 0.01, 8.48 | 0.52 |
| Infection | +* | + | − | 2 | 0 | 2 | 3.19 | 0.13, 76.36 | 0.47 |
| Insomnia | − | + | − | 12 | 15 | −3 | 0.80 | 0.23, 2.73 | 0.72 |
| Nausea/vomiting | +* | + | − | 0 | 4 | −4 | 0.21 | 0.01, 4.31 | 0.31 |
| Nervous system | − | − | + | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.06 | 0.13, 74.18 | 0.49 |
| Over-excitation | − | + | − | 35 | 15 | 20 | 2.40 | 0.95, 6.07 | 0.06 |
| Respiratory tract | − | − | + | 3 | 0 | 3 | 4.92 | 0.24, 100.37 | 0.30 |
| Shivering & fever | − | + | − | 9 | 3 | 6 | 3.00 | 0.33, 27.42 | 0.33 |
| Tracheitis | − | + | − | 32 | 26 | 6 | 1.22 | 0.58, 2.57 | 0.60 |
| Upper aerodigestive tract | − | − | + | 33 | 18 | 15 | 1.79 | 0.94, 3.40 | 0.08 |
The treatment modalities in this table included RT+CT vs. RT (any carcinoma) (Herskovich 1992), RT plus immunotherapy vs. RT (squamous cell carcinoma (Yan 2014), and RT+CT+Surgery+Induction CT vs. RT+CT+Surgery (98% squamous cell carcinoma, 2% adenocarcinoma) (Yoon 2015).
*
Only 2% of cases in this study were adenocarcinoma (Yoon 2015).