Table 3.
Guidance on Tailoring Capacity Building Contingent on Salient Variations in Evidence-Based Interventions and Contexts.
Salient variation | Guidance for tailoring capacity building | ||
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Factor | EBI selection/marketing | CB structure and types (in addition to training, TA, tools) | CB focus |
EBI: Complexity |
When high Select a different EBI Market EBIs in formats that promote their adaptability and triability |
When high Provide more CB (dose) than when lower |
When high Focus on capacity to assess local contexts, select and adapt EBIs to fit context, and develop infrastructure to manage interdependency |
EBI: Uncertainty |
When low Select standardized EBIs When high Select broad, flexible EBIs |
When high Provide more CB (dose) than when lower Strengthen CB provider/recipient collaboration Facilitate peer networking Assess and provide feedback on performance |
When low Focus on capacity to adapt to local context, and implement with fidelity When high Focus on capacity to engage stakeholders, facilitate ongoing and open communication, collect local data, develop a shared understanding of problem, and collectively formulate an intervention plan |
Context: Setting’s Decision-Making Structure |
When hierarchical, centralized Tailor and deliver CB to those working at different levels of the organization (target audience) When horizontal, decentralized Deliver CB to the coalition or team (target audience) that will plan and implement the EBI |
When hierarchical, centralized Focus on organizational leaders’ capacity to adopt and support the intervention; middle managers’ capacity to implement, supervise, and sustain the intervention; and practitioners’ capacity to deliver the intervention When horizontal, decentralized Focus on capacity to engage partners and to facilitate collaborative decision making |
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Context: Settings’ Overall Capacity |
When low Select EBIs that embed change in existing technologies or operating procedures |
When low Efforts to build capacity to adopt and implement EBIs may not be successful |
When low Focus on building overall capacity prior to focusing on EBIs |
Context: EBI-Setting Resources Fit |
When poor fit If possible, select an EBI that provides a better fit |
When poor fit Provide incentives (funding or in-kind resources) to build capacity |
When poor fit Focus on capacity to adapt EBI and/or acquire additional resources |
Context: EBI-Setting Values Fit |
When poor fit Select an EBI that provides a better fit |
When poor fit CB provider/recipient collaboration Facilitate peer networking Assess and provide feedback on performance |
When poor fit Focus on capacity (motivation) to adopt and implement EBIs |
Context: Stakeholder Unity/Polarization |
When polarized Select an EBI that provides a better fit Reframe EBI marketing |
When polarized Provide more CB (dose) than when lower |
When unified Focus on capacity for a technical, rational approach to adoption/implementation When polarized Focus on capacity for strategic and political approaches to adoption/implementation |
Note. Variation in CB type/structure is italicized. EBI = evidence-based intervention; TA = technical assistance; CB = capacity building.