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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Pharm Sci. 2016 Feb;105(2):950–964. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3549(15)00192-6

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Validation of immune-mediated biology in HKCC with prototypical positive and negative control compounds. HKCCs were exposed to a concentration range (0-200 μm) of TVX or LVX in the presence and absence of LPS. Levels of TNF-α (a) and IL-6 (b) in collected medium samples were assayed by ELISA after 48 h of compound exposure. Combined effects of LPS and compound were analyzed for each cytokine by 2-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test and compared with compound vehicle control (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001). Matching data for levels of ATP in HKCC after treatment with TVX (c) or with LVX (d) in the presence or absence of LPS found that relative to no LPS control, LPS significantly increases ATP levels for LVX and significantly decreases ATP for low TVX concentrations. ATP statistics were performed by 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post-test to compare no LPS to LPS (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).