Table 2. Common proteins significantly altered by injury and by NSAID administration.
| ID | Protein Name | Accession Number |
Functional Category | Function | Response to Injury Alone |
Response to Injury + NSAIDs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GCP2 | Gamma-tubulin complex component 2 | Q921G8 | Cell cycle control | Involved in microtubule nucleation at the centrosome | down | up |
| ATLA2 | Atlastin-2 | Q6PA06 | Non-muscle cell specific biogenesis | GTPase that functions in endoplasmic reticulum tubular network biogenesis | down | up |
| GLRX5 | Glutaredoxin-related protein 5; mitochondrial | Q80Y14 | Apoptosis-related | Involved in iron homeostasis; protects against ROS-induced apoptosis | up | down |
| FIS1 | Mitochondrial fission 1 protein | Q9CQ92 | Cell cycle control | Involved in mitochondrial fission during cell replication | up | down |
| K2C7 | Keratin; type II cytoskeletal 7 | Q9DCV7 | Cell cycle control | Blocks interferon-dependent interphase and stimulates DNA synthesis | up | down |
| ARFG1 | ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 | Q9EPJ9 | Intracellular trafficking | Involved in membrane trafficking and vesicle transport | up | down |
| ALBU | Serum albumin | P07724 | Metabolism & Transport | Main protein of plasma | up | down |
| EST1C | Carboxylesterase 1C | P23953 | Metabolism & Transport | A carboxylesterase | up | down |
| ESTD | S-formylglutathione hydrolase | Q9R0P3 | Metabolism & Transport | Thioester hydrolase | up | down |
| ACYP2 | Acylphosphatase-2; muscle type isozyme | P56375 | Muscle cell specific biogenesis | Acylphosphatase targeting the Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle; increased with muscle differentiation | up | down |
| FHL3 | Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 | Q9R059 | Muscle cell specific biogenesis | A novel alpha7/beta1 integrin-interacting protein | up | down |
| DPYL2 | Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 | O08553 | Non-muscle cell specific biogenesis | Plays a role in neuronal development and polarity | up | down |
| K2C8 | Keratin; type II cytoskeletal 8 | P11679 | Non-muscle cell specific biogenesis | Helps link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at muscle costameres | up | down |
| MOES | Moesin | P26041 | Non-muscle cell specific biogenesis | Probably connect major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane | up | down |
| ACBP | Acyl-CoA-binding protein | P31786 | Signal transduction | Intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters | up | down |
| DYSF | Dysferlin | Q9ESD7 | Signal transduction | Key Ca++ sensor involved in sarcolemma repair after mechanical stress injury | up | down |
| CES1D | Carboxylesterase 1D | Q8VCT4 | Metabolism & Transport | Major lipase in white adipose tissue | up | up |
| EST1 | Liver carboxylesterase 1 | Q8VCC2 | Metabolism & Transport | Liver detoxification enzyme. | up | up |
| CYTB | Cystatin-B | Q62426 | Non-muscle cell specific biogenesis | An intracellular thiol proteinase | up | up |
| DNJA2 | DnaJ homolog subfamily A member 2 | Q9QYJ0 | Protein folding/chaperone | Co-chaperone of Hsc70 | up | up |
| ELOC | Transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 1 | P83940 | Transcription | Aka elongin; a general transcription elongation factor | up | up |
| HNRPC | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C1/C2 | Q9Z204 | Translation | Binds pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S hnRNP particles | up | up |
Comparison of protein profiles in “Non-Injured vs Injured TA muscles in vehicle-treated mice” and in “TA muscles from injured mice treated with or without NSAID” revealed 22 shared proteins that were significantly altered in both groups. Most proteins (91%) were significantly increased by injury and were involved in metabolism, biogenesis and survival. In 16 of 22 cases (73%), NSAID administration reversed the injury-induced response.