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. 2017 Feb 28;12(2):e0172818. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172818

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© 2017 Liang et al

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Fig 1 — L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis by the L-galactose pathway (A) and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (B) in plants. The enzymes catalyzing the reactions are as follows: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (PMI), phosphomannomutase (PMM), GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP), GDP-mannose-3′,5′-epimerase (GME), GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP), L-galactose-1-phosphate phosphatase (GPP), L-galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH), L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), ascorbate oxidase (AO), and glutathione reductase (GR).