Table 4. Comparison of clinical studies of insulin plus glucose for the treatment of hyperkalemia.
| Reference | Present study | [28] | [28] | [25] | [25] | [13] | [12] | [14] | [15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 164 | 71 | 78 | 10 | 10 | 219 | 221 | 86 | 12 |
| Kidney Function | AKI/CKD | CKD/ESRD | CKD/ESRD | ESRD | ESRD | All | ESRD | All | ESRD |
| Glucose dose (g) | 50 | 25 | 25 | 50 | 50 | 0–50 | Variable | 0–25 | 25 |
| Insulin dose (U) | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 5–10 | 4–10 | Variable | 10 |
| Route of administration | Infusion | Bolus | Bolus | Bolus | Bolus | Bolus | Bolus | Bolus | Bolus |
| Mean initial glucose* | 149 | - | - | 100 | 91 | 149 | 154 | 150 | 88.2 |
| Peak change in glucose* | -2 | - | - | -5 | 47 | - | -9 | - | -37.8 |
| Mean initial K+ ** | 6.85 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6 | 6.2 | - | - | - | 5.5 |
| Peak reduction in K+ ** | 1.18 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 0.83 | 0.50 | - | - | - | 0.65 |
| Follow-up time (hrs) | 8 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 1 | >3 | >3 | - | 1 |
| Hypoglycemia limit* | <70 | ≤70 | ≤70 | ≤50 | ≤50 | ≤70 | <60 | <70 | Undefined |
| Hypoglycemia (%) | 6.1 | 19.7 | 16.7 | 20 | 0 | 8.7 | 13 | 17.4 | 75 |
| Severe hypoglycemia limit* | ≤40 | <50 | <50 | - | - | <40 | - | <40 | - |
| Severe hypoglycemia (%) | 1.2 | 7 | 8.9 | - | - | 2.3 | - | 3.5 | - |
* mg/dl;
** mmol/l