Skip to main content
. 2016 Oct 6;10(1):142–154. doi: 10.1177/1756283X16666806

Table 2.

GI manifestations in syndromic and nonsyndromic MIDs.

MID PAP DYP VOM GED GPDE PC HP IPO COS DAR
MELAS + + + + + +
MERRF + + + +
CPEO + + +
KSS + + + +
PS + + + +
LHON
NARP
LS + + + +
MIDD + + + +
MLASA
XLASA
PCH + + +
ADOA + +
ARCO
ARSAL
WS +
MTS/DDS +
DYTCA
LBSL
MEGDEL +
SANDO (ANS) + +
MIRAS (ANS) +
MEMSA (ANS)
SCAE (ANS)
MNGIE (MDS) + + + + + + + + +
IOSCA (MDS) +
AHD (MDS) + + + + +
HC-MDS +
EM-MDS + + +
MP-MDS +
MCHS (MDS) + +
Ns MID + + + + + + + + + +

ADOA, autosomal dominant optic atrophy; AHD, Alpers–Huttenlocher disease; ANS, ataxia neuropathy spectrum; ARCO, autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy and ophthalmoplegia; ARSAL, autosomal recessive spastic ataxia with leukoencephalopathy; COS, constipation; CPEO, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia; DAR, diarrhea; DYP, dysphagia; DYTCA, dystonia ataxia syndrome; EM-MDS, encephalomyopathic MDS; GED, gastro-esophageal sphincter dysfunction; GPDE, gastroparesis and delayed emptying; HC-MDS, hepato-cerebral mitochondrial depletion syndrome; HP, hepatopathy; IOSCA, infantile-onset spinocerebellar ataxia; IPO, intestinal pseudo-obstruction; KSS, Kearns–Sayre syndrome; LBSL, leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation; LHON, Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy; LS, Leigh syndrome; MCHS, myo-cerebro-hepatopathy spectrum; MDS, mitochondrial depletion syndrome; MELAS, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactacidosis, and stroke-like episodes; MEGDEL, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV with sensorineural deafness, encephalopathy and Leigh-like syndrome; MEMSA, myoclonus, epilepsy, myopathy, and sensory ataxia; MERRF, myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers; MIDD, maternally inherited diabetes and deafness; MIRAS, mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome; MNGIE, mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy; MLASA, myopathy-lactic acidosis-sideroblastic anemia; MP-MDS, myopathic MDS; MTS, Mohr-Tranebjaerg syndrome; NARP, neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa; Ns, nonsyndromic MIDs; PAP, poor appetite; PC, pancreatitis; PCH, ponto-cerebellar hypoplasia; PS, Pearson syndrome; SANDO, sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis; SCAE, spinocerebellar ataxia with epilepsy; VOM, vomiting; WS, Wolfram syndrome; XLASA, X-linked lactic acidosis and sideroblastic anemia.